Essay on Utilitarianism and the Case for Euthanasia

Unitarianism and the Case for Euthanasia One of greatest moral issues facing society today is that of freedom. Freedom is a principle that this country was founded on at the start of its inception. Freedom is still a cause that requires our attention. The great debate on simple liberties such as the right to decide what happens to one’s body is still an issue that society has failed to resolve. It is a moral quandary that will continue to be discussed and a deliberated on as long as humankind are free moral agents with personal moral preferences. The question is do we allow our personal preferences to impede the decisions of other individuals? If we have the right to have our set of moral preferences do, other individuals deserve that same†¦show more content†¦According to Rachels, â€Å"It is [incorrect] to say that in passive euthanasia the doctor does nothing, for he does do one thing that is very important: he lets the patient die. Letting someone die is certainly different, in some respects, from other types of action - mainly in that it is a kind of action that one may perform by way of not performing certain other actions. (Rachels, 79)† Inaction in itself is still an action. A person makes a decision to respond or not to respond. The decision is the act. The central question for debate is do we have a right as a nation to evaluate another person’s level of suffering? It is essential to establish whether we have a right to decide a person’s capacity to endure suffering. The experience of suffering differs from person to person. Are there any rational ways of determining what suffering consist of for a group of people? Is it ever morally acceptable to allow a person to suffer? Do we have the right as a nation to step in to mitigate a person’s suffering? One can debate whether a government agency has the right to intervene on behalf of individuals due to suffering in the case of child abuse. If a child is in a home that inflicts suffering to the child by way of starvation or physical abuse it is the responsibility of the governing agency to intercede for the sake of the child. Governing agencies have laws set in placeShow MoreRelatedEuthanasia: Kantianism vs Utilitarianism1599 Words   |  7 Pagesas euthanasia. At present, euthanasia is one of the most controversial social-ethical issues that we face, in that it deals with a sensitive subject matter where there is much uncertainty as to what position one ought to take. Deliberately killing another person is presumed by most rational people as a fundamental evil act. However, when that person gives his or her consent to do so, this seems to give rise to an exceptional case. This can be illustrated in the most common case of euthanasia, whereRead MoreTaking a Look at Euthanasia1733 W ords   |  7 PagesEuthanasia, also commonly referred to as ‘mercy killing’, and ‘assisted suicide’, has been and continues to be the subject to moral, legal, religious and political debates around the world. At the core of debate lies to competing values between the right for every individual to decide to die with dignity when suffering, and the need to uphold the right to life. (Australian Human Rights Commission. 1996) The purpose of this task is to critically analyse the nature and extent of euthanasia and whetherRead MoreEuthanasi A Controversial Issue1273 Words   |  6 PagesActive euthanasia is a complicated and contentious issue. The Oxford dictionary defines euthanasia as, â€Å"The painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma† (Euthanasia, Def.1). Given the requirements that one must meet to be able to eligible for active euthanasia: a terminal illness that will lead to death i n six months or less, is it moral to grant people this wish? While there should be restrictions in place to help regulate euthanasia, thereRead MoreVoluntary Euthanasia Or Assisted Suicide983 Words   |  4 PagesA topic that has been around for a while is voluntary euthanasia or assisted suicide. Our book states that â€Å"a person who is virtually certain to die within a given amount of time and is experiencing or will experience a lot of pain before he or she dies should be able to choose an earlier, les painful death (Mosser, 2013). There are reasons that arise or illnesses that occur that should be reason enough for a person to choose if they want to continue to suffer through the illness or the painRead MoreDo You Think That the Right to Life Entails a Right to Die Under Certain Circumstances? Should the Law Be Changed to Grant a Universal Right to Voluntary Euthanasia?1000 Words   |  4 Pagesbe changed to grant a universal right to voluntary euthanasia?†. In th is essay, I am going to give reasons using ethical theories to justify these questions. Euthanasia Euthanasia is the act of a physician or other third party ending a patients life in response to severe pain and suffering. Euthanasia can be classified into three types. They are voluntary euthanasia, non-voluntary euthanasia and involuntary euthanasia. Involuntary euthanasia is the action that takes the patient’s life withoutRead MoreDo You Think That the Right to Life Entails a Right to Die Under Certain Circumstances? Should the Law Be Changed to Grant a Universal Right to Voluntary Euthanasia?1008 Words   |  5 Pageslaws be changed to grant a universal right to voluntary euthanasia?†. In this essay, I am going to give reasons using ethical theories to justify these questions. Euthanasia Euthanasia is the act of a physician or other third party ending a patients life in response to severe pain and suffering. Euthanasia can be classified into three types. They are voluntary euthanasia, non-voluntary euthanasia and involuntary euthanasia. Involuntary euthanasia is the action that takes the patient’s life withoutRead MoreUtilitarianism : The Morally Right Action1194 Words   |  5 PagesTulasha Thapa Final Paper Utilitarianism Utilitarianism states, â€Å"The morally right action is determined by the consequences of the action, not the motives of the agent†. Utilitarianisms consider happiness to be the foundation of morality. The famous version, â€Å"act utilitarianism,† says the morally right action is the one that brings about the greatest consequence of the greatest number of people. Mill thought it was obvious that everyone ultimately wants to be happy, so he made this the foundationRead MoreThe Morality Of Euthanasia And The Application Of Utilitarianism1213 Words   |  5 PagesThe Morality of Euthanasia and the Application of Utilitarianism. Introduction When a patient is in immense amounts of pain from a terminal illness, one of the options to relieve a person from the pain is euthanasia. Euthanasia is seen as a controversial and moral issue because of the different viewpoints. Euthanasia is seen by some as killing, while others see it as removing a person from immense amounts of pain. This paper will first discuss the principles of utilitarianism through BenthamRead MoreThe Case Of Evan Motts Assisting His Wife s Euthanasia Essay1644 Words   |  7 PagesI am going to discuss in this essay the case of Evan Motts assisting his wife s euthanasia. I will cover the ethical issues regarding this topic including whether or not Evan should be punished. I will look at the theories of Kantian Ethics and Utilitarianism to justify whether or not Evan s actions were morally right. An Auckland man is facing a charge that carries a maximum penalty of 14 years after assisting his terminally ill wife to commit suicide. Evan Mott researched suicide methods andRead MoreEuthanasia Is The Act Of Killing Someone Painlessly1534 Words   |  7 PagesEuthanasia is the act of killing someone painlessly, especially someone suffering from an incurable illness or an irreversible coma. The term is synonymous with physician-assisted suicide, a form of active euthanasia in which a doctor provides an individual, either terminally ill or facing a diminished quality of life, with the information and means to take his or her own life. It involves a situation in which a patient voluntarily performs the act of committing suicide by taking a lethal dose of

Applying Ethical Frameworks For Practice Essay - 1221 Words

Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice Ethics is an integral part of nursing practice and with an increasingly diverse population today, nurses need to have an understanding of ethical principles to resolve dilemmas in the workplace. Milton (2014) defined ethics as encompassing a methodical approach to decision-making and as a disciplined reflection on the moral choices individuals make. To arrive at an appropriate intervention, nurses and other health care providers must employ an efficient and organized process to identify an ethical dilemma to determine a viable solution (Grand Canyon University [GCU], 2011). This paper will identify an ethical dilemma in a case scenario and will discuss the use of an appropriate decision-making model and with all parties involved contributing to the resolution. Case Scenario A 6-year old child presents in the hospital after a bout of vomiting and convulsions while in school. Tests showed that the child has meningitis and physicians are requesting permission from the parents to treat the malady. Unfortunately, the child’s parents are divorced and do not agree in how to proceed with treatment. The child’s mother who has primary custody, but is not the biological parent, is refusing medical treatment citing religious reasons. The biological father, who resides in another state, is agreeing and insisting that treatment be provided. Meningitis is a condition involving inflammation of the meninges, which protects the brain and spinal cordShow MoreRelatedApplying Ethical Framework in Practice1100 Words   |  5 PagesApplying Ethical Framework in Practice 1. Ethical implications of a breach of confidentiality Ethics is the concept of right and wrong and thus it is difficult to come to a universal standpoint as to what should be right and wrong. In the context of the medical field, professionals are constantly engaged in accessing very delicate and sensitive information about people and patients. Thus, such professionals are regularly facing the circumstances in regards to concepts such as confidentiality andRead MoreEssay Applying Ethical Framework in Practice1062 Words   |  5 PagesApplying Ethical Framework in Practice Adele Wolf, RN Grand Canyon University Ethical Decision Making in Health Care NRS 437V Charlene Cowley, MS, RN, CPNP February 26, 2011 Applying Ethical Framework in Practice Confidentiality is the right of an individual patient to have personal, identifiable medical information kept private; such information should be available only to the physician of record and other health care and insurance personnel as necessary. The only time informationRead MoreEssay Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice1217 Words   |  5 PagesModule 3 Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice Lijimol Biju Grand Canyon University NRS-437V Ethical Decision Making in Health Care 01/08/2012 Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice In the health care, the main idea of having confidentiality is for to gain the patients and family members trust. At any time this confidentiality is broken or the private matters are disclosed it is called a breach of confidentiality. Patients have the right for privacy related to their health care mattersRead MoreApplying Ethical Frameworks in Practice essay1020 Words   |  5 PagesApplying Ethical Frameworks in Practice Health professionals are privileged because they are able to help and change people’s lives by the care they offer, but this can only happen if the staff is fully informed and has all the details on the patient’s health history. This information usually can be obtained without difficulty but for sensitive issues a trust based relationship needs to be established in order for the patient to provide all their medical history. This is known as confidentialityRead MoreApplying Ethical Framework in Practice Essay1161 Words   |  5 PagesThe ethical principle of confidentiality demands nondisclosure of private or secret information about another person with which one is entrusted. In hospital settings, nurses have the responsibility to maintain patient’s private information confidential and sharing only those information that are necessary to provide patient care. According to the ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses (2006), â€Å"The nurse holds in confidence personal information and uses judgment in sharing this information.† MaintainingRead MoreApplying Ethical Frameworks in Nursing Practice Essay675 Words   |  3 PagesApplying Ethical Frameworks in Nursing Practice Disclosing patient information to a third party, without a patient’s consent or a court order is considered a breach of confidentiality. Legal liability for a breach of confidentiality covers a broader spectrum than ethical guidelines, which lend to doing what is morally right. Confidentiality in nursing comes with an ethical need for creating rapport with patients. Trust established facilitates increased communication and comfortRead MoreApplying Ethical Frameworks in Practice - 1 Essay1237 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: ETHICAL FRAMEWORKS IN PRACTICE Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice Grand Canyon University NRS 437 V May 9, 2012 Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice Patient confidentiality is part of the Nursing Code of Ethics and it is a nurses’ duty to uphold confidentiality of patient information (American Nurses Association, 2012). However, there are certain situations in which a confidentiality breach is acceptable, such as when a patient voices harm to themselvesRead MoreApplying Ethicak Framework in Practice1151 Words   |  5 PagesApplying Ethical Frameworks in Practice Grand Canyon University: Ethical Decision Making in Healthcare Lisa Firkus October 27, 2013 Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice Care providers strive to provide care that is patient focused that maintains confidentiality and respect. This paper is about the maintenance of patient confidentiality and the trusting relationships that must be maintained between the patient and the healthcare providers. Ethical Implications of Breaching Confidentiality Read MoreBusiness Ethics: Adelphia Scandal1476 Words   |  6 Pagesethics† was actually nothing more than just an oxymoron. Throughout this paper, we will discuss the events surrounding the rise and fall of the Adelphia Communications Corporation and identify two of the ethical problems associated with the scandal while applying them to the deontological framework and Immanuel Kant’s Categorical Imperative. The Adelphia Scandal The year is 1952 and a young John Rigas purchased a cable company for a mere $300 in Coudersport, Pennsylvania with high hopes ofRead MoreEthical Framework in Practice1246 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: APPLYING ETHICAL FRAMEWORK IN PRACTICE Applying Ethical Framework in Practice Jaclyn Hughes Grand Canyon University: NRS-437V August 21, 2011 Applying Ethical Framework in Practice Patient confidentiality is one thing that cannot be breached nor as a patient that you would want to be breached. In this day and age as healthcare professionals it is a very fine line of what breaching confidentiality is. We all want to know that when we are sick and in the hospital, the one thing

Mitochondrial Stress-Responsive Nuclear Encoded

Question: Describe about the Mitochondrial Stress-Responsive for Nuclear Encoded. Answer: 1. To identify the mutations in the mitochondrial retrograde signalling pathway under stress in plants the researcher conducted a genetic screen where AOX1a is used as model. This AOX1a is a mitochondrial stress-responsive and nuclear-encoded component. Along with AOX1a a construct was added in the position of 2kb upstream region of promoter which drives a luciferase gene of firefly AOX1a-LUC and is utilized as a reporter gene and enduringly gets changed into Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia-0 which generates Col: LUC germ lines. After two weeks this Col:LUC seedlings shows a high expression of LUC gene driven by the promoter AOX1a when they are treated with 50 M of antimycin A (Ivanova et al. 2014 pp.1233-1254). The mutation in ANAC017 encoding gene inhibits the transcription as it ANAC017 is the transcription factor and the protein is encoded by only one gene. The gene lines rao2-2 and rao2-1 both are the recessive type of mutations and that are mapped on the 2.47-Mb region on chromos ome 1 between the In/Del CEREON Genomics markers CER450671 and CER449719. However the ANAC017-2 mutation is a dominant mutation (Ng et al. 2013 pp.3449-3459). 2. The evidence from the recent studies shows that ANAC017 is a transcription factor is a particular gene present at the locus At1g34190 which encodes for a NAC domain transcription factor ANAC017 that was identified with a mutation in each of the alleles of mutant and as a result of this the transgenic plant loses its ability to induce AOX1a-LUC. On the other hand when the coding sequence of the wild type of At1g34190 was expressed underneath the control of 35s promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus and transmuted into rao2-1 mutants and restores the capability of the transgenic plant to stimulate AOX1a-LUC under AA treatment. Hence it is confirmed that rao2 phenotype was the result of a particular mutation that occurred in ANAC017 (Van Aken et al. 2016). It is quite evident from this that ANAC017 is the transcription factor and any type of mutation in ANAC017 will affect the transcription. The promoter to which ANAC017 bounded is AOX1a (Hofmann, 2013 pp.3151-3151). 3. To obtain the evidence about ANAC017 a design of a particular construct was made which was tagged with red fluorescent protein (RFP) at the N terminus and a green fluorescent protein (GFP) at the C terminus. The test results with this construct shows that as the GFP is at C terminus therefore green fluorescence will be visible or observed in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and this green fluorescence will remain inside the ER even when the N terminal portion of the ANAC017 have been released by proteolysis. Now as the RFP is at the N terminus, it has been proposed that along with being located in the ER, this portion or fragment will also be located to the nucleus and finally when treated with antimycin A (AA) the amount of RFP in the nucleus is found to increase in comparison to the RPF in the ER. Nevertheless, the green fluorescence was restricted to the ER and the red fluorescence distinctly detected both in nucleus and in ER. Along with this when a construct that is dual-tagged with fluorescent protein labelling at ER and actin established that GFP coincides with ER and actin and the RFP is detected both in the nucleus and in the ER present at the outside of the nucleus. Hence, these evidences show that ANAC017 is cleaved from ER and moved to Nucleus. The physiological sensitivity in according to environmental stress and H2O2 in all the transgenic plants can be summarised in the way that changes that happened were examined by the use of microarray examination. The AA acts as an inhibitor for the electron transport of mitochondria and in addition with this it is the H2O2 which is actuality produced in the mitochondria by means of the manganese superoxide dismutase forms superoxide radical (O-2) which is highly reactive. This superoxide radical are produced by different cellular sources. Both the H2O2 and AA stress treatments, transcripts were catalogued into any one of the five genes sets based on the changes in the transcript profusion in the response to the stress in the wild types against the mutant lines. The total proportion of stress reactive transcriptomic changes which are facilitated through ANAC017 function were scrutinised for two stress treatments and linked with the percentages of stress responsive changes which mediat es independently of ANAC017 function (Pongprayoon et al. 2013 pp.159-173). Reference Hofmann, N.R., 2013. Endoplasmic ReticulumLocalized Transcription Factors and Mitochondrial Retrograde Regulation. The Plant Cell, 25(9), pp.3151-3151. Ivanova, A., Law, S.R., Narsai, R., Duncan, O., Lee, J.H., Zhang, B., Van Aken, O., Radomiljac, J.D., van der Merwe, M., Yi, K. and Whelan, J., 2014. A functional antagonistic relationship between auxin and mitochondrial retrograde signaling regulates alternative oxidase1a expression in Arabidopsis. Plant physiology, 165(3), pp.1233-1254. Ng, S., Giraud, E., Duncan, O., Law, S.R., Wang, Y., Xu, L., Narsai, R., Carrie, C., Walker, H., Day, D.A. and Blanco, N.E., 2013. Cyclin-dependent kinase E1 (CDKE1) provides a cellular switch in plants between growth and stress responses. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 288(5), pp.3449-3459. Pongprayoon, W., Roytrakul, S., Pichayangkura, R. and Chadchawan, S., 2013. The role of hydrogen peroxide in chitosan-induced resistance to osmotic stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Growth Regulation, 70(2), pp.159-173. Van Aken, O., Ford, E., Lister, R., Huang, S. and Millar, A.H., 2016. Retrograde signalling caused by heritable mitochondrial dysfunction is partially mediated by ANAC017 and improves plant performance. The Plant Journal.

Six Sigma The Breakthrough Strategy Revolutionizing

Question: Describe about the Six Sigma for The Breakthrough Strategy Revolutionizing? Answer: What would you suggest should be the outcome from this project? Ans. Six-sigma is an essentially a significant set of tools and techniques used and implemented towards the improvement of the processes and systems. As Bob has made up a team for design and implementation of the six-sigma method in the business system, to increase accuracy and thereby increasing the number of good quality Printed Circuit Boards, with minimized flaws. The outcomes of the six-sigma methodology implementation are expected to be improvement of the business processes, through which the PCBs are manufactured with the least possible flaws. The objective is to make the quality assurance, in terms of making the PCBs with no quality issues. The quality control team is expected to implement the full-fledged six-sigma methodology continuously in the business process so that the flaw-less products are manufactured in the company. The new methodology should be able to redefine the processes that will be consistently active for the entire tenure of the business. Fishbone diagram a nd SPC are expected to be the part of finding out the root causes of the possible flaws in manufacturing of the electronic circuits. At the end of the implementation or at the end of the project of implementing the six-sigma methodology, the quality manufacturing and relevant processes should become part of the thought and work processes. The ultimate goal of the project is to enhance customer satisfaction, by delivering the quality PCB electronic devices. Prevention versus Detection Business improvement needs two important factors to be done. The first factor is to find out the wasteful or unproductive or practices and steps in the system. It is usually done through the Lean methods, called Kaizen Events, 5S and Kanban. This is time driven factor analysis and improvement of the lean method in the business can reduce the wastage of time. On the other hand the second factor is quality driven, which is the six-sigma and it is more of analytical approach, based on the statistics of the history. The objective is to reduce the defects of the final products. Though these two methods look to be different, both of them do have the common objective of improving the quality of the products and thereby the customer satisfaction. So, both prevention and detection are required to be done. The important quality characteristics to discuss in the six-sigma project here is to think big and go for larger is the best, so increasing the accuracy and quality of the electronic circuits made. How might the team apply these aspects to the production line above? Ans. The team of six-sigma project is expected to start to collect all the statistics in regards to the entire business processes and the results, in terms of the final products and the quality of the same. Here, if they see only the process, it may look ideal, however, to understand and analyse the effectiveness of the quality of the product, voice of the customer becomes a potential feedback factor. So, it is important to consider the voice of processes and voice of the customers. After analysing the present state of the business processes, six-sigma methodologies are to be adapted in order to improve the business system. It needs to shift the mark of the standards to a specific percentage, in terms of the good circuit boards, with no defects or flaws. When six sigma is going to be implemented, the ideal accuracy of quality expected to be 99.99966% or the number of good boards produced by the company must be not less than this specified percentage. DMAIC Model Phases The specific 99.99966% of good quality production is possible, when any of the six-sigma methodologies are implemented and here we choose DMAIC model phase. DMAIC model phase consists of the processes in the following order of sequence. Define The problem in the production of the electronic boards are to be explored and so the problem has to be defined through quantifying the products, like 700 boards are manufactured every working day and how many are going defective and the percentage of defective pieces and so the percentage of the defect-free boards. Measure The present scenario of the production, the number of good boards, defect boards is to be measured through certain Key Parameter Indicators or metrics, like testing the strength, temperature to withstand, check of the accuracy of the shape at certain calibrated values. Analyse Then the root causes are to be analysed, of which processes are causing these defects, like soldering issues, defective component usage, operative training issues, human errors, etc. Improve Once the root causes are known, the strategy has to be defied and implemented to improve certain processes. It is important to set a target and then certain measures, in terms of the Key Performance Indicators or simply metrics. Control Sustainment strategies are to be identified and practised throughout the life of the business to ensure the set number of good boards is made. It needs clear understanding and monitoring of the manufacturing processes. Since the Pareto principle reveals that the 80% of the problem impact is shown by 20% causes. The important and potential factors are to be displayed in the bar chart. Produce a metric chart for a six-sigma project The present status of manufacturing of the electronic circuit boards is as follows. Electronic boards manufactured in an hour 100 Number of working hours in a shift 7 Boards manufactured in a shift or a day 700 Defect boards per day ~19 Approximate Rejection rate of boards 2.7% Accept rate of boards 97.3% So, making the manufacture of products to be remained the same, the rejection rate of the boards has to be decreased, by decreasing the number of defect boards per day. So, the rejection rate has to be decreased from 2.7% and the accept rate must be increased to 97.3%. It is ideal to get 100% accept level, however, it is not rational, as is near to impossible. So, the accuracy level has to be set according to the six sigma level. So, when six-sigma is implemented, the possible acceptance rate can be improved from 97.3% to 99.99966%. What is the critical to quality characteristics (CTQ) of the PCBs from the electronics line? There are certain important critical to quality characteristics defined for the manufacture of quality Printed Circuit Boards through primary research and secondary research, in terms of customer satisfaction. The primary research is to be done by setting physical standards for the boards, like laminate material, board thickness, hole tolerance, gold fingers, controlled dielectric, logo markings, trace, etc. The secondary research factors can be collected in the form of feedback from the customers like customer service, customer correspondence, industry benchmarking and customer ratings, etc. Where has this requirement has been set? The critical to quality characteristics requirements are to be set by the focus groups and customer service section and these standards are to be kept during the measuring phase of the DMAIC model. Expand on the consequences of not meeting the CTQ requirements. The objective of six-sigma project is to improve the quality of products, thereby increasing the productivity and so the profits of the company. However, in the worst cases, the consequences are also to be considered in case of failure of the project. In case the project gets failed, the initiator of the project will be accountable for all possible damage. The possible damages can be loss of time of project, cost of the project and efforts on the project. In addition, these losses can lead to further losses, like losses found in the finance department, all relevant stakeholders involved in the processes and there can be other manufacturing issues, as there is an attempt of changing the processes. Altogether, there can be damage to the reputation and brand of the company, if the potential working processes are not disturbed or deteriorate. References Hammer, M. 2002. Process management and the future of Six Sigma. MIT Sloan Management Review, Winter Harry, M. and Schroeder, R. 200 Six Sigma: The Breakthrough Strategy Revolutionizing the Worlds Top Corporations. New York, NY Hoerl, R. W. and Snee, R. D. 2002. Statistical Thinking: Improving Business Performance. San Jose, CA: Duxbury Press/Thompson Learning. Henderson, K. M. and Evans, J. R. 2000. Successful Implementation of Six Sigma: Benchmarking General Electric Company. Benchmarking: An International Journal, Vol. 7 Hoerl, R. W. 1998. Six Sigma and The Future of Quality Profession. Quality Progress, Vol. 31 Kerzner, H. 2003. Project Management Case Studies. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons Montgomery, D. C. 2001. Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 4th edition. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons.

Social Disorganization Question and Answer free essay sample

Social Disorganization- Question-and-Answer Sergio Vidal-Echeverria CJA-384 February 12, 2012 Patrick L. Cote Social disorganization- Question-and-Answer This paper is a question and answer session about social disorganization. I will be answering four points about the definition of social disorganization, the relation to organized crime, and its evolution. In addition, I will explain how ell social disorganization fits the criteria for organized crime and it associated relationships. Last, I will explain the correlation of corrupt political politicians and how social disorganization has enveloped in the development of organized crime. What is Social Disorganization? The social disorganization theory attributes crime and delinquency to communities in which family structure, churches, lack of enforcement from police, probation, and community activists. Schools also play a role in that there is a lack of after-school programs, outreach programs to address the issues of truancy, and juveniles as young as eight are induced and tempted to enter in a gang and therefore the criminal behavior begins to happen. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Disorganization Question and Answer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are also some researchers that state that inner-city crime is attributable to relative deprivation. The definition of relative deprivation is when youths live within close proximity to a neighborhood that others live in the comfort of upper-class status, and in turn it is the hope and wishes that these youths aspire to live that way some day. The morale of some of these individuals became disillusioned because the reality sets in that he or she will never get out of the neighborhood that is comprised of poverty, crime, and lack of jobs for him or her. Another theory is the Bell’s Queer Ladder of Mobility Theory. Bell’s thinking was that Italians had a harder way of achieving wealth, power, and political influence. (Lyman, Potter, 2007. ) Several generations of Italian immigrants learned that there was a way out of living in the slums and poverty. It was later that this group turned to participate in illicit activities to gain wealth and power in a relatively fast manner. After Italians figured out how to get out of poverty, the queer ladder theory turned into ethnic succession. The definition of ethnic succession is that Jews replaced the Irish in committing crimes, Italians replaced the Jews, and African Americans, Puerto Ricans, Mexicans, and Colombians have replaced the Italians. (Lyman, Potter, 2007. ) How does social disorganization relate to organized crime and its evolution? Social disorganization relates to organized crime and its evolution through the breakdown of the society. The organized crime groups are trained to go into cities and towns that have communities that have families who are poor, destitute, and have the lack of common sense and education. This in turn will recruit individuals to sign up by offering a product that will provide a quick rich form of success. The outcome of this is that organized crime participants evolve from generation to generation because previous participants saw the poverty in which he or she lived in. The success that was once unreachable to him or her who lived in poverty, lacked an education, and had a hard time finding jobs. How well does social disorganization meet the criteria for organized crime and its various relationships? Why?

How middle school students cultural identity (race values, neighborhood and family) influence the way they learn

How middle school students cultural identity (race values, neighborhood and family) influence the way they learn This is a very important discussion because a deep comprehension of the learning process should provide framework for curriculum and instructional decisions. This is because diversity in middle level schools calls for continual reexamination of educator’s assumptions, expectation, and biases. Therefore, decisions on education must be evaluated for their influence on students learning capability.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How middle school students cultural identity (race values, neighborhood and family) influence the way they learn specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Teachers are supposed to have enough information about shared beliefs of people and different styles of learning. This is because; there is a relationship between the environment in which the child is living or originates from and child’s success academically, socially and emotionally. The context, in which the leaner is in, is known for influencing the motivation behind the middle class student to learn. Context is everything in the material, mental and personal, social, institutional, cultural and historical that influences the meaning, which people make. The activities which students participate in and the interactions they have with peers, adults, and the physical characteristics of their learning environment all contribute to their motivation to learn and desire to engage. Context consists of cultural artifacts such as language, technologies, social interactions, communication and any other elements in the physical environment that influence learning, meaning making, and cognitive development (Ramirez, 1989). If a teacher is going to provide successful learning opportunities for the middle class students, he or she must have knowledge of the learner. This is in relation to personal characteristics and the beliefs of people that affect the way they behave. The middle school learner is a product of nature and nu rture. Everyone is born with a tendency to learn in a particular way. Members of the family, what people belief in as well as the entire community influence this. Different researches show that the way of learning is determined by nature as well as nurture. Type development begins at a very early age and the argument is that type is inborn predisposition just like left or right-handedness. However, the successful development of type can be greatly improved or hindered by the environment. Members of the family should be encouraged to work together in order to help one another. The experiences that children get when they are young determine the styles of learning that they adopt.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The style of learning is developed through the characters that are similar in children, the beliefs in the community where they live and the support they receive as the y grow up. The individuality of learners develops well if it is supported by culture so that everyone can accept it. The uniqueness of members of the family should be encouraged so that everybody can trust himself or herself the way they are. When a person feels that he does not possess the characteristics of a boy, he lacks self-confidence and feels that he does not fit in the society. Every middle school student of every culture, race, religion, socio economic status, deserves an equal opportunity to be successful in school. The instructor needs to know the shared beliefs of students in order to improve the way of learning. Understanding learners’ differences is significant in structuring successful learning methodologies for every student. Culture and learning style Researchers have acknowledged classic learning patterns among African Americans, Mexican Americans and Native Americans. The information bring to a close that Mexican Americans view family and personal relation ships as imperative and are contented by way of thinking in generalities and patterns (Cox Ramirez 1981). For instance, the Mexican Americans are culturally inclined towards associations and concept thinking whereby they are able to think philosophically. Discussions and silent reading will certainly augur well with students from such a background. Such qualities give details why Mexican-American students often seek a special association with a trainer and are further relaxed with extensive concepts than constituent details and specifics. Research concerning the African-American culture indicates that African American students place a higher value on oral communication, physical activity, and devotion in interpersonal associations (Shade, 1989). This is because; traditionally African culture entailed passing of messages via oral communication rather than in writing. This implies that students with such a background can understand more from listening than from reading. The behavior is improved through organizing projects that involve all students, discussion groups as well as working in collaboration. The community of Americans who are Native discriminate other people all over the world in their way of thinking, they belief they are more capable and skilled. The non-native speakers suffer because; they cannot mix freely with the Native Americans or share the same facilities available in the community.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How middle school students cultural identity (race values, neighborhood and family) influence the way they learn specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Native Americans are provided with quality learning facilities; the environment is conducive for learning and is exposed to the modern improved facilities for effective learning. The Americans value freedom, they ask questions where necessary and they are critical thinkers. This makes their learning to be based on res earch, examinations and their performance in examinations. These patterns are widespread in many American schools. The following are strategies for teaching in a culturally diverse middle school. The first one is to build relationships with students. During the interview with students who are African Americans, they said the problems they encountered and wanted their teachers to understand them and the way they live outside school as well as enjoy the incentive systems at school. When the teachers think about the life of students, they are able to help them understand what they are taught and use examples that students understand better. The second one is to facilitate independence in thinking and action. Students are helped to become independent in different ways in order to facilitate their learning. This is done by encouraging them to work in absence of the teacher without instructions to be followed. When students ask questions, the teacher can encourage independence by respondi ng in a way that lets the student know how to find the answer for him or herself (Gee, 2007). When students evaluate their own work and perform different roles they become independent. This can do well especially in classes where the middle school teacher is having students with an Asian background. Thirdly, students form study teams that meet outside classroom most of the times. By arranging for times and rooms where groups can meet, you can encourage students to study together. Peer support is an important factor in student persistence in school, but students of color sometimes are left out of informal networks and study groups that help other students succeed. Through studying together, your students can both improve their academic performance and overcome some of the out-of-class segregation common in many campuses. This is critical because it assists the student to gain self-acceptance as well as appreciate the persons from different background other than theirs. This is becaus e; it is in the middle schools where students gain self-awareness about their cultural, racial and tribal differences. Working in groups, which incorporate culturally diverse students, will help the students to have a positive view of their differences. The other strategy for the teacher to ensure that the teaching methodologies include different groups is by developing interpersonal relations with the students, which make the teacher approachable. This will make the students who come from backgrounds that value interpersonal relationships to feel incorporated and at the same time be enabled to learn.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, the teacher should develop methodologies, which also encourage competition such as individual tests. This will be useful in assisting students who can do better in competitive environment rather than in a cooperative environment especially if the teacher has students who are of Japanese origin because their culture encourages competitiveness and individual hard work. Finally, the teacher should provide opportunities for all students to get to know each other. Research shows that both African-American and white students, for example, would like greater interracial contact. African-American students tend to prefer institutional programs and commitments, while most white students prefer opportunities for individual personal contacts. By doing the activities the teacher will have developed a rapport with the students and offered an environment, which is accommodative to students of different cultural backgrounds. Diversity is something to be appreciated rather than somethin g to be maligned about. A teacher ensures that students are well prepared to handle different situations. When the middle school teacher is aware of the diverse needs and how to handle the students as per their backgrounds, the teacher will not only have improved the academic performance of that particular student in class but will also have boosted the esteem of such students into unimaginable levels. It is therefore imperative for the teacher to implement those suggestions not only for the improvement of overall class performance but also for the advancement of the society as a whole. References Cox, B. Ramirez, M. (1981). Cognitive styles: Implications for multiethnic education in the 80s’. Washington: National Education Association. Gee, J. (2007). An introduction to discourse analysis: Theory and method. London: Rutledge. Ramirez, M. (1989). Pluralistic education: A bicognitive-multicultural model. The Clearinghouse Bulletin (3): 4–5. Shade. (1989). The influence of perceptual development on cognitive style: Cross ethnic comparisons. Early Child Development and Care (51): 137–155.

Contemporary middle east history project 5 Research Proposal

Contemporary middle east history project 5 - Research Proposal Example The split led to antagonism between the Muslim communities and in the modern Islam it has adverse effects including Muslims attacking Muslims. In chapter 5 of Devani’s book, he states that, â€Å"The newly established Iranian Empire lacked the resources that had been available to the Islamic Caliphs of Baghdad in order to consolidate their power over the Islamic authority† this leads me to believe that it was lack of access to resources by the empire that that led to the end of military patronage states. After the exit of Asia and Transoxania, the increase in marine business in the West was unpromising to Iran whose prosperity was dependent on its location on significant East to West overland trade ways like the Silk Road which was well-known. This led to the rise of the Ottomans who seized back Iranian advances to the West. Safavids on the other hand rose and established command of over both the Caucasus and Mesopotamia. The Ottoman and Safavid Empires were the outcome of many years of Islamic state construction and expansion. In their development, they covered virtually the whole Islamic population. They present the connection between the prehistoric and contemporary periods of Islamic history. Both ultimately declined, and were engrossed by the extension of the British Empire. They were different from the military patronage states because they began as religious sects. The Safavid Empire differed from the Ottoman Empire because it was an authoritatively Shiite empire. The Ottoman Empire declined, as a consequence of both in-house ineffectiveness and pressure from its outside antagonists in Europe and Asia while the Safavid Empire collapsed due to invasion by Afghans in 1722. The two great empires were characterized by pronounced religious opposition to critical thinking. This made it difficult for the people to acquire important and helpful information. There existed economic problems such as; competition